Critical Review of Undaunted Courage Essay - 858 Words

Critical Review of Undaunted Courage Stephen Ambrose’s Undaunted Courage is a remarkable piece of nonfiction literature. His work is so thorough that one wonders how he has time to do much more. Yet he has created time in his life to go west and go camping and hiking and canoeing in the summers with his family. Which possibly shows that anything can be raw material to the open mind, for it was on those trips that he developed a great fascination with the Lewis and Clark expedition that explored the West when the country was twenty-five years old. Ambrose creates a precise and true story of the expedition in witch most readers would be enthralled. His style is smooth, readable and enjoyable, unlike many historical nonfiction of the day.†¦show more content†¦From November 1803 to September 1806, it was nearly three years of rough, tough work over land that no American had ever seen before. The men were poorly prepared from the start. They were frequently ill fed and dressed. The soldiers worked for pay of about $5 per month and a land grant of 320 acres. They were led well though. The author holds Meriwether Lewis in high esteem. Jefferson took Meriwether under his wing and into his Presidents House to be his secretary. Their father-son relationship became a deep friendship, and Jefferson chose Lewis to head the expedition. Lewis chose an associate, William Clark, to join him in command. Though Clarks official Army rank was lieutenant, theirs was a true co-captaincy. Most people’s perception of early builders of America is with a purity of reason and purpose, while, Ambrose shows that they are just as greedy then as they are now. Also in the way of the book Ambrose wipes out the belief that Indians were innocent harmless humans. They were filthy, dishonest, and belligerent, and awful to their women, not totally unlike the mass of mankind. In the end, not many of the goals were achieved. There was no all-water route to the pacific. Nearly all of Lewis and Clarks findings and accomplishments went unaccredited to them because of Lewiss failure to print his journals, which Ambrose calls a â€Å"treasure of American literature†. And three years after their return, Lewis committed suicide. Nonetheless, at itsShow MoreRelatedCritical Review of Undaunted Courage882 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Review of Undaunted Courage Stephen Ambroses Undaunted Courage is a remarkable piece of nonfiction literature. His work is so thorough that one wonders how he has time to do much more. Yet he has created time in his life to go west and go camping and hiking and canoeing in the summers with his family. Which possibly shows that anything can be raw material to the open mind, for it was on those trips that he developed a great fascination with the Lewis and Clark expedition that exploredRead MoreEarly Leadership Theory Relating to Tents-R-Us Case Study2606 Words   |  11 Pagesfrom village to village about the amount of men he had indeed killed ranging from fifty to a hundred and so forth. Clanmcallister.org (accessed 30/10/2011 20:00) state William Wallace leadership qualities as extraordinary personal strength, undaunted courage, enterprising spirit, and dexterity. Historically it was thought that individuals were innately born with the hereditary characteristics’ of a leader. The theory was conceptualised from leaders already apparent within the world mainly leadersRead MoreMacbeths Lady in William Shakespeares Tragedy, Macbeth Essay3038 Words   |  13 Pagesrepentance, nor the weaker ones allied to fear, from the pursuit of which the tortured soul, seeking where to hide itself, not seldom escapes into the boundless wilderness of madness. A very able article, published some years ago in the National Review, on the character of Lady Macbeth, insists much upon an opinion that she died of remorse, as some palliation of her crimes, and mitigation of our detestation of them. That she died of wickedness would be, I think, a juster verdict. Remorse is consciousnessRead MoreEssay Lady Macbeth, Macbeths Forceful Woman3061 Words   |  13 Pagesvices) outweigh her feminine strengths. Let us look at her character in this paper.    A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy explains wherein lies the greatness of Lady Macbeth:    The greatness of Lady Macbeth lies almost wholly in courage and force of will. It is an error to regard her as remarkable on the intellectual side. In acting a part she shows immense self-control, but not much skill. Whatever may be thought of the plan of attributing the murder of Duncan to the chamberlainsRead MoreEssay about Macbeths Conniving Lady3058 Words   |  13 Pagesrepentance, nor the weaker ones allied to fear, from the pursuit of which the tortured soul, seeking where to hide itself, not seldom escapes into the boundless wilderness of madness. A very able article, published some years ago in the National Review, on the character of Lady Macbeth, insists much upon an opinion that she died of remorse, as some palliation of her crimes, and mitigation of our detestation of them. That she died of wickedness would be, I think, a juster verdict. Remorse is consciousnessRead More Lady Macbeth, Macbeths One-of-a-Kind Woman Essay3059 Words   |  13 Pagesdefence of some parts which now seem improbable, that, in Shakespeares time, it was necessary to warn credulity against vain and illusive predictions. The passions are directed to their true end. Lady Macbeth is merely detested; and though the courage of Macbeth preserves some esteem, yet every reader rejoices at his fall. (133)    L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth describes the unnaturalness of Lady Macbeths words and actions:    Thus the sense of the unnaturalness of evil isRead MoreEssay about Macbeths Queen3071 Words   |  13 Pagesdefence of some parts which now seem improbable, that, in Shakespeares time, it was necessary to warn credulity against vain and illusive predictions. The passions are directed to their true end. Lady Macbeth is merely detested; and though the courage of Macbeth preserves some esteem, yet every reader rejoices at his fall. (133)    L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth describes the unnaturalness of Lady Macbeths words and actions:    Thus the sense of the unnaturalness of evil isRead More The Ladies in Macbeth Essay2866 Words   |  12 Pagesbrains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this. (1.7)    Lady Macbeth will make the two chamberlains drunk on wine. Macbeth is forced to recognize her total lack of maternal sensitivities: Bring forth men-children only; / For thy undaunted mettle should compose / Nothing but males.    In Act 2, Scene 2, Lady Macbeth confesses to her husband that could not perform the murder because Had he not resembled / My father as he slept, I had donet. So Macbeth follows through withRead More Who Are the Women in Shakespeares Macbeth? Essay2897 Words   |  12 Pagesbrains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this. (1.7)    Lady Macbeth will make the two chamberlains drunk on wine. Macbeth is forced to recognize her total lack of maternal sensitivities: Bring forth men-children only; / For thy undaunted mettle should compose / Nothing but males.    In Act 2, Scene 2, Lady Macbeth confesses to her husband that could not perform the murder because Had he not resembled / My father as he slept, I had donet. So Macbeth follows through withRead More evilmac Macbeths Evil Aspect Essay4023 Words   |  17 Pagesbrains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this. (1.7)    Lady Macbeth will make the two chamberlains drunk on wine. Macbeth is forced to recognize her total lack of maternal sensitivities: Bring forth men-children only; / For thy undaunted mettle should compose / Nothing but males. On that fateful night, Banquo has a strange sense of foreboding:    A heavy summons lies like lead upon me, And yet I would not sleep: merciful powers, Restrain in me the cursed thoughts

Mental Illness And Its Effects On The Media Essay

Introduction Mental illness is often wrongly portrayed in the United States’ media creating stigmatization and misrepresentation. Mental illness â€Å"refers to a wide range of mental disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Examples of disorders include anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Any â€Å"negative attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are called stigma† (Wilson et al., 2016, p. 2) and stigma can contribute to progression of mental illness because of its harmful effects due to misrepresentation in the media. In the recent years, the United States media has began to address the reprehension around the topic of mental illness, as it has began to develop into a rising problem in citizens across the nation. In the past, any portrayal of a figure or character with a mental disorder would be wrongly depicted, therefore, creating a distorted perception for the viewers (Stout et al., 2004, p. 1). Television shows have started to establish characters with mental illness in hopes to lessen the stigma behind ill characters due to the wrongful associations viewers may make. The way media viewers’ stereotype the mentally ill into categories can be harmful to the well being of those with disorders. Stereotypes can be so harmful that even medical professionals â€Å"contend that stigma is a major reason why one-fourth of the estimated 50 million Americans experiencing mental illness yearly will not seekShow MoreRelatedThe Portrayal Of Mental Illness962 Words   |  4 PagesPortrayal of mental illness in media, films and television programmes is extensive and predominantly preserves myths and stereotypes about mental illness. People with mental illness are most commonly shown as being violent and aggressive, but they are also frequently depicted as tragic, tortured, genius, dangerous, eccentric, flamboyant, hysterical, sexual, jokers and rebels. Mental health professionals are variously portrayed as incompetent, sinister, unrealistically seductive or rationalist foilsRead MoreThe Representation Of Mental Illness1426 Words   |  6 PagesWhen thinking of mental illness, what image pops into your head? An unstable old lady in restraints talking to herself? A pre-teen harming themselves in a bathroom stall? Norman Bates? The Joker? All these inaccurate examples stem from the medias representation of mental illness. This is an important issue to address as, society has been fed these wrongful depictions for decades and it can be challenging to overcome and shift these presentations (Uwujaren). The representation of mental ill health inRead MoreThe Effects Of Stigma Surrounding Mental Illness1658 Words   |  7 PagesMental illness is a controversial topic in recent news. From Sandy Hook to the Aurora movie theatre shooting, the effects of mental illness have sparked fierce debate and negative stigma surrounding the issue. Mental illnesses, â€Å"patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional† (Myers 562), affect 1 in 4 people at some point in their lives (Stigma and Discrimination). However, only 59.6% of people with mental illness report receiving treatment, as theyRead MoreEssay Media Madness1389 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction With the ongoing advance in technology today, it is no surprise that the media is becoming an even greater source in acquiring and sharing information. But exactly how accurate are these reported information? As mentioned in Otto Wahl’s, Media Madness: Public Images of Mental Illness, Americans tend to retrieve most their knowledge about mental illness through the mass media (Wahl 3). When it comes to mental illness, it is safe to say that much of society views the mentally ill as deviants whoRead MoreThe Stigma of Mental Illness1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosis might exacerbate the stigma of mental illness. In Corrigan’s study clinical diagnosis adds groupness for the collection of people with mental illness which worsens the level of prejudice (Corrigan 34). Corrigan states that this ultimately leads to overgeneralization, as there is an assumption that all individuals diagnosed with the same mental disorders behave the same way (Corrigan 34). According to Corriga n the stereotypic description of mental illness perceives to the public that, peopleRead MoreEssay about The Portrayal of Schizophrenia in Me, Myself, and Irene1178 Words   |  5 Pages Most people gather what they know about mental illnesses from television and film. Unfortunately these media portrayals are inaccurate and create stigma. They depict people suffering from mental illnesses as different, dangerous and laughable. Characters are often addicted to drugs or alcohol, are violent, dangerous, or out of control. Horror film characters like Norman Bates in Psycho, Jack Torrance in the Shining, or Hannibal Lecter in Silence of the Lambs associate the typical psycho- killerRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1212 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencing symptoms of mental illness. Patients suffering a physiological illness rarely hear these words, but they have begun to sound like a broken record to the mentally ill. Everyone sympathizes with the stomach, the liver, the eye, and many other organs in the body when they begin to malfunction, but no one sympathizes with the brain. It is unimaginable and almost abominable for the brain to get sick. Mental illness is prob ably the most misconstrued and trivialized illness, and this misconceptionRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Young People1304 Words   |  6 PagesIs Social media responsible for the increase in Mental Health issues in young people? The rates of mental health issues in teenagers and young people is increasing, with 20% of the young people in the United States suffering from a mental disorder in their lifetime (Traci Pederson, 2010, Psych Central). This increase must have stemmed from something recent and modern, which many psychologists believe may be the large increase in use of social media, for example Facebook, which has around 1.2 billionRead MoreIntroduction.... â€Å"If Mental Illness Could Be Seen On A1255 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction... â€Å"If mental illness could be seen on a sufferer maybe society wouldn’t say ‘just get over it’ .† Mental illness unlike other diseases or disorders are, for the most part invisible. They are not easily recognised. These instances of being told to â€Å"just get over it† or â€Å"just calm down† or â€Å"It’s all in your head† are direct evidence of the stigma of having mental illness present in some cultures. A mental illness is in fact in your head, but your head is connected to body, they areRead MoreMental Health Is The Largest Cause Of Disability1284 Words   |  6 PagesPoor mental health is the largest cause of disability and is connected with poor physical health, poor relationships, poor education and work prospects (Gov, 2014). Deinstitutionalisation in the 1950s led to community-based mental health and in turn brought a real but hidden issue of mental health into the visibility of the larger public sphere. Mental illness was a topic that was mostly treated only by individuals’ families and kept as a private matter and was off limits to outsiders apart from

Romeo and Juliet Balcony Essay Free Essays

A Tragic Story of Two Lovebirds William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a well-known and phenomenal play of tragedy. The reason for its fame is that not only is it just dreadful, but there is also a romantic element as well. The play is set in Verona, Italy during the Elizabethan Age with two young and innocent lovers, Romeo and Juliet, from different wealthy families, Montague and Capulet. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Balcony Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, these two households share a hostile bond with each other that goes deep in Verona’s history. In one of the acts there is the famous â€Å"balcony scene† which takes place at night with Juliet on her balcony and Romeo down at her father’s orchard. This scene stands out from the rest because this is where Romeo and Juliet exchange their vows of undying love. During the balcony scene, Shakespeare uses personification, metaphor, and simile to help convey Romeo and Juliet’s deep affection for one another. While Juliet confesses her private thoughts alone, Romeo describes her stunning beauty and his feelings of love through personification. As Romeo gazes at her, he describes that her cheeks â€Å"would shame those / stars† (2. 2. 19-20). Her looks give off a special radiance that makes him say her cheeks outshine the eternal light given from the stars. By using stars, her beauty gives him hope, light, and a sense of goodness into his existence. This suggests that her brightness gives a certain direction that leads his life in a positive way. Then, Romeo argues that â€Å"stony limits† will not stop his love because â€Å"what love can do, that dares love attempt† (2. 2. 72. 73). Since Romeo is in his lover’s and foe’s house, he does not mind risking his life for her. His action is what a true lover does because an ordinary stranger or friend never bothers doing it. If his feelings are a physical object, it can be so strong that not even hard stone can prevent it. Shakespeare’s personification help show that Romeo’s love is pure, which implies Juliet is the one for him. Juliet explains through a metaphor and simile that her feelings will not change even though Romeo is from the enemy’s house. She compares his last name, Montague, to a rose and says that â€Å"any other word would smell as sweet† (2. 2. 47). With the fact the Capulets regard Romeo as an enemy, she still loves him no matter the reason because adding an evil household name to Romeo does not change him at all. By using roses, it symbolizes the sweet and passionate love she has toward him. To prove it even further, Juliet declares her emotions are â€Å"as boundless as the sea† (2. 2. 140). This illustrates her love for Romeo is infinite and immeasurable like the sea. In reference to nature, this also represents her adoration is natural, not of greed or lust. By using figurative language, Juliet effectively shows her feelings of love to Romeo. In the renowned play Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare shows the two lover’s devotion through the use of figurative language. On Romeo’s side, he uses personification to praise Juliet’s certain attributes and vividly describe his affection towards her. In Juliet’s perspective, she uses a metaphor and simile to explain her passion for Romeo and how she does not consider him as a rival. Without Shakespeare’s use of figurative language, the audience cannot know how deep and real their innocent love is. In addition, the absence of these literary devices could make the play dull and not as dramatic. How to cite Romeo and Juliet Balcony Essay, Essay examples

Effects of Business Ethics Elective †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Business Ethics Elective. Answer: Introduction In a business environment, there exist various principles and morals that dictate how business activities should be carried out. Business ethics, therefore, entails the study of these principles and morals and how they impact the business environment. It relates to all the aspects that might be present in a business such as the conduct of employees or other individuals, and the organization as a whole (Abend, 2013, pp 175). Ethics is important in a business environment for many reasons. First, ethics entails the moral judgment of an individual on whether a certain action is right or wrong. Ethical behaviors attract more customers to buy the companys products which translate to a boost in sales and profits.Secondly, the employees will want to work for the business for a long period. In other words, a business that is keen to observe business ethics values its employees and hence the productivity of the business is increased due to the reduction in labor turnover. It is also important to note that a business which portrays corporate social responsibility attracts more employees. Top-notch and skilled employees will be more than willing to work for the company. At the end, the business will enjoy lower recruitment costs and attract the most qualified employees. Thirdly, the business will manage to attract more investors who will increase the overall earnings of the business and keep the share price at an all-time high. This works to cushion a business from a possible takeover. These are just a few benefits of business ethics. Every business owner should understand the importance of business ethics. The reputation of a small business or company is very difficult to restore once it has been lost. In fact, the reputation of a business should be seen as one of the most valuable assets in the business. This being said, businesses should purpose to fulfill their promises and ethical responsibilities so that they will not have to deal with the detrime ntal repercussions of an eroded reputation. Ethical Theories in a Business Environment Business owners face the daily responsibility of ensuring that every decision made is in accordance with the theories of business ethics. Therefore, the business owners should at least be able to comprehend the ethical theories which will help in solving ethical issues and making well-informed choices. This business ethics theory argues that decisions relating to a business should be made at a personal but within the confines or context of the law. Therefore, an individual has to make the decision based on self-interest and aspirations. The people who believe and follow laissez-faire capitalism agree with this theory. Most of the personal interactions see this as an unethical behavior. The believers of the free market economy, however, hold the opinion that self-interest behaviors champion for the creation of new jobs and wealth (Stanwick and Stanwick, 2013, pp 11). Considering the fact that most of the business owners might not be aware of the best strategies to impact the whole society, they choose to benefit the society by upholding what is good for their business. This theory is mostly used by the business owners who need to justify their actions or business decisions. The real markets are obliged to adhere to various regulations and restrictions. Therefore, a pure free market would be seen as a hypothetical approach. Business ethics theorists argue that business owners bear essential ethical obligations which go beyond personal interests (Simmons, Shafer, and Snell, 2013, pp 580). However, there are some prevailing debates which intend to determine who the business owners are obliged to. In a case where a company has stockholders and investors, the owner of the business is legally obliged to consider their financial interests. Another school of thought would argue that the business owner is ethically responsible to the interests of the employees, the community, the environment, and other stakeholders. Some business owners believe that they are personally responsible for their actions. Therefore, they tend to stick to what is morally acceptable and uphold what they believe in, including the religious teachings. Compassion and consequence Some existing business theories have been criticized by a number of scholars. The thinkers argue that these theories are more concerned with the abstract moral principles and fail to consider the idea that humans need compassion. It is true that no business entity can operate and succeed solely on compassion, but this does not mean that the business should neglect compassion in ethical-decision making (May,Luth and Schwoerer, 2014, pp 80). A physician who does not charge a needy patient or a business owner who relentlessly pardons his reckless employee could be considered as compassionate. Also, a business may face some consequences due to certain actions. For instance, the environmental problems which spark from business practices might result in immediate benefits for the business owner and other stockholders, but the long-term consequences would be detrimental. The theory of virtue ethics is seen as ancient though it has been operational in the recent years. A champion of virtue ethics upholds and acts within the confines of key virtues such as courage, honesty, and kindness while steering clear of vices and unworthy characteristics such as cowardice and dishonesty (Audi, 2012, pp 275). In a real-world, decision making faces unavoidable challenges because no ethical theory can suffice or cater for all cases. A business owner, for instance, will have to make several considerations and ask some key questions before taking a course of action. Does the action act in the interest of the business? Does it consider the interests of the stockholders and investors? What impact will the actions have on the environment, employees, and the community? The decision that will be made after a careful and keen consideration of these questions will abide by the ethical requirements. Strengths and Weaknesses of Business Ethics Concepts The theories of ethics offer a business numerous benefits. First, the business achieves customer loyalty because of the enhanced trust. The customers will choose to remain loyal to the brand event during the challenging moments. Johnson Johnson, for instance, spent a fortune in an effort to recall their once best-selling product named Tylenol, after a person had interfered with the containers of the drug. The company set up worthy organizational values which resulted in enhanced consumer confidence and trust, regardless of the contamination threat (Strobel,Tumasjan and Welpe, 2015, pp 33). A business that follows its ethical obligations benefits the society as a whole. Ethical theories also serve to differentiate brands and businesses. In a case where businesses operate in oversubscribed markets, a competitive edge can be achieved. Strong ethical values and key theories make the services or products of a company more appealing and worthy. For instance, a cosmetics company that does not test its products on animals would be more likely to achieve a competitive edge (Ferrero and Sison, 2014, pp 400). It is also important to note that a business has moral obligations to the community. A business should not just operate for financial benefits. As a key player in the society, the business should observe the needs of the employees and other stakeholders, and also consider the environmental impact (Michalos, 2017, pp 300). The knock-on-effects result from adoption of worthy and strong business ethics. Transparent and honest accounting operations increase the financial base of the company and help to prevent sanctions and lawsuits (Michalos, 2017, pp 200). The knock-on effects accrued to a fair compensation of employees and fulfilling tax liabilities lead to a robust economy which serves the benefits of all. On the other hand, the ethical theories serve several drawbacks and weaknesses to the business. It has been proved that business ethics restrict a business from maximizing its income and profits. For instance, a multinational business may decide to relocate its manufacturing activities to a developing nation in order to cut costs (De Cremer and Tenbrunsel, 2012, pp 16). Some of the practices that are regarded right and acceptable in that nation such as poor working conditions, poor pay, and child labor, are not acceptable by an ethical business (Ulrich and Sarasin, 2012, pp 20). Good working conditions, including the safety and health standards and living wage,reduce the income generated by a company.Another weakness of the ethical theories is lack of enforceability (Bardy, Drew, and Kennedy, 2012, pp 270). This is the case especially in international business platforms where some nations break the rules. The business ethic theories contribute to knowledge in many ways. A business owner or employee, for instance, will need to understand and pick the most relevant concept in order to succeed. Wrong choices deliver undesired services and products (Hartman,DesJardins and MacDonald, 2014, pp 13). A successful business should acknowledge the existence of these theories and seek to learn from them since they offer a stepping stone to the success and sustainability of a business. Milton Friedman is one of the commentators who argue that the sole responsibility and role of a business is to generate profits while adhering to the requirements of the law. Other people who are inclined to this opinion believe that a companys self-interest serves the benefits of all society members (Ma, Liang, Yu and Lee, 2012, pp 290). Another commentator, Edward Freeman, holds a different opinion. He asserts that businesses should strive to meet the expectations of other stakeholders including the employees, customers, suppliers, and the community as a whole (Ford and Richardson, 2013, pp 40). Companies should see their success beyond just income levels and profits. Companies are obliged to explain their social, environmental, and financial performance. The Dow Jones Sustainability Index requires companies to abide by the triple bottom line, people, planet, profit, and benchmarking of companies is done on the basis of the same (Giacalone and Promislo, 2013, pp 90). This reporting approach considers the fact that businesses must make profits to remain relevant but enforces the need for ethical business practices. As seen in this paper, the concept of business ethics is gaining relevance in the business environment day by day, and the businesses are obliged to follow ethics in their operations at whatever cost. Honesty and morality help businesses gain credibility, not forgetting that it also results in more sales and more customers (Santoro and Strauss, 2012, pp 90). The impacts of business ethics are overwhelming, to say the least. It is also important to note that the reputation, future deals, development, and growth of a business depend on the ethical opinion of a business (Floyd, Xu, Atkinsand Caldwell, 2013, pp 760). Andrew Crane, a professor at York University, asserts that businesses are starting to see big changes as a result of adopting ethics in their operations (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2014, pp 23). He also states that ethics should be seen as a win-win opportunity and businesses should take maximum advantage of it. In cases where businesses fail to act ethically, the government is bound to step in. For instance, governments in many nations intervene in energy drinks, sodas, and alcohols. While some businesses such as monster are not unethical in their operations as they act to meet the demands of the customers, the products have been proven to cause health problems (Grace and Cohen, 2015, pp 31). In countries such as the United States, these companies have been constantly bashed for the health problems among the populations (Jennings, 2014, pp 19). Some of the government interventions include restricting the consumption of the products and creation of price floors. In cases where the interventions are not fruitful, the healthcare providers and other stakeholders will have to bear with the stress. On the flip side, the success of these interventions denies the consumers the right to consume what they please. These are some of the big and unending debates which arise when the question of business ethics is mentioned, thus creating a dilemma (DesJardins and McCall, 2014, pp 21). However, these scenarios can be prevented if the businesses are willing to follow business ethics and produce ethical products (Crane and Matten, 2016, pp 17). Though this might be impractical or impossible for several businesses, more focus should be put on the propagation of ethical practices. The 21st century calls for mature and considerate business activities which are dictated by the accepted code of ethics. Bibliography Abend, G., 2013. The origins of business ethics in American universities, 19021936. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(2), pp.171-205. Audi, R., 2012. Virtue ethics as a resource in business.Business Ethics Quarterly,22(2), pp.273-291. Bardy, R., Drew, S. and Kennedy, T.F., 2012. Foreign investment and ethics: How to contribute to social responsibility by doing business in less-developed countries. Journal of Business Ethics, 106(3), pp.267-282 Barry, N., 2016. Business ethics. Springer. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014. Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. De Cremer, D. and Tenbrunsel, A.E. eds., 2012. Behavioral business ethics: Shaping an emerging field. Routledge. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014.Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Ferrero, I. and Sison, A.J.G., 2014. A quantitative analysis of authors, schools and themes in virtue ethics articles in business ethics and management journals (19802011). Business Ethics: A European Review, 23(4), pp.375-400. Floyd, L.A., Xu, F., Atkins, R. and Caldwell, C., 2013. Ethical outcomes and business ethics: Toward improving business ethics education. Journal of business ethics, 117(4), pp.753-776. Ford, R.C. and Richardson, W.D., 2013. Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. In Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics (pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Giacalone, R.A. and Promislo, M.D., 2013. Broken when entering: The stigmatization of goodness and business ethics education. Academy of Management Learning Education, 12(1), pp.86-101. Grace, D. and Cohen, S., 2015. Business ethics. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Jennings, M.M., 2014.Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning Ma, Z., Liang, D., Yu, K.H. and Lee, Y., 2012. Most cited business ethics publications: mapping the intellectual structure of business ethics studies in 20012008. Business Ethics: A European Review, 21(3), pp.286-297. May, D.R., Luth, M.T. and Schwoerer, C.E., 2014. The influence of business ethics education on moral efficacy, moral meaningfulness, and moral courage: A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(1), pp.67-80. Michalos, A.C., 2017. Ancient observations on business ethics: Middle East meets West. In How Good Policies and Business Ethics Enhance Good Quality of Life (pp. 297-311). Springer International Publishing. Michalos, A.C., 2017. Issues for business ethics in the nineties and beyond. In How Good Policies and Business Ethics Enhance Good Quality of Life (pp. 197-212). Springer International Publishing. Santoro, M.A. and Strauss, R.J., 2012. Wall street values: Business ethics and the global financial crisis. Cambridge University Press. Simmons, R.S., Shafer, W.E. and Snell, R.S., 2013. Effects of a business ethics elective on Hong Kong undergraduates attitudes toward corporate ethics and social responsibility. Business Society, 52(4), pp.558-591 Stanwick, P. and Stanwick, S., 2013. Understanding business ethics. Sage. Strobel, M., Tumasjan, A. and Welpe, I., 2015. Do business ethics pay off?. ZeitschriftfrPsychologie/Journal of Psychology. Ulrich, P. and Sarasin, C. eds., 2012. Facing public interest: The ethical challenge to business policy and corporate communications (Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media.